Das Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrom – Fallbericht, Diagnostik, therapeutische Optionen

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal-recessive disease characterised by the combination of (foetal) growth retardation, mental retardation and a typical malformation pattern. In particular, the combination of cardiovascular defects, Y-shaped syndactyly of the 2 (nd) and 3 (rd) toes and a distinctive craniofacial appearance, often including a cleft palate, are characteristic of SLOS. The disease is caused by a defect in cholesterol synthesis resulting in a reduced or absent activity of the enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7). As a consequence, a lack of cholesterol and an increase of toxic cholesterol precursors are observed in the majority of patients. We report on a female patient who was born at 37 weeks of gestation and was both small and light for gestational age who displayed typical signs of SLOS. After the diagnosis had been confirmed, a therapeutic approach with oral substitution of cholesterol and the administration of simvastatin was initiated. In spite of this strategy, the patient died at the age of 12 weeks from the disease. Based on the case presented, we review and discuss current diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with SLOS.