Microgrid Elements and Modeling

This chapter presents the models of the assets that could be used to accomplish the modeling of a microgrid. The models allow the testing of assets for unit tests and in a microgrid environment. The chapter also presents the structure of two generic load models that can emulate the steady‐state and dynamic behaviors of different loads. Most of the distributed energy resources (DERs) in microgrids are interfaced to the AC network by a power electronic converter. These converters are conventionally single phase two level, three‐phase two level or three‐phase three level voltage source converters (VSCs). The chapter explores a realistic and application‐oriented modeling of a photovoltaic (PV) module. The wind turbine is modeled as a controllable current source connected to a grid connected power electronic converter through a Resistive/Inductive (RL) choke and additional filters. The model of an energy storage system consists of a grid‐tie inverter whose DC‐link is fed from a lithium ion battery.