A WIFI Antenna Radiation Effects on Human Head in the ISM Band

This article describes in the first, the design of a new microstrip patch antenna for WIFI/WLAN applications (IEEE 802.11 b/g/n). Secondly, the article presents the effect of electromagnetic waves on a model of the human head exposed to the antenna designed in the ISM2450 band. By adopting a model tissue to seven layers of an adult. The objective is to evaluate the specific absorption rate (SAR) due to the propagation of electromagnetic waves along a human head for different antenna-head distances in simulation anatomic based model of the human head at a frequency of 2450MHz. All results, reflection coefficient, VSWR, radiation pattern, SAR and field distributions are presented. The simulation analysis was performed using the HFSS software. MGI-L�z for homogeneous wireless sensor networks based upon the framework of LEACH such as the network is divided into multi groups to prevent the concentration of cluster head in a particular area of ​​the network, and the cluster head selection is based on high residual energy and a short distance from the base station (BS) in each communication round, which minimizes the communication energy of wireless sensor nodes, and hence, increases lifetime of the whole network. Simulations using MATLAB software show improved lifetime in different levels of Grouping compared to the classical algorithm LEACH.