Motor Restoration Based on the Brain–Machine Interface Using Brain Surface Electrodes: Real-Time Robot Control and a Fully Implantable Wireless System

The brain–machine interface (BMI) is a new approach to the man–machine interface, which enables us to control machines and to communicate with others without input devices, but directly using brain signals. We describe our integrative approach to develop a BMI system using brain surface electrodes for motor and communication control in severely disabled people. This includes effective brain signal recording, accurate neural decoding, robust robot control, a wireless fully implantable device, a non-invasive evaluation of surgical indications, etc. In addition, the inspection and addressing of neuroethical issues is indispensible when undertaking work in this field.