Optimization of primary post-harvest processing techniques for Cassia angustifolia Vahl

Cassia angustifolia Vahl. (Senna), is a versatile medicinal plant that enjoys a considerable reputation in Ayurveda, Unani and Allopathic medicine system worldwide. It contains sennosides (2.5% in the leaves and 3.6% in the pods), which are utilized to treat habitual constipation and other related problems. Senna cultivation is done successfully in India; however, the primary post-harvest processing techniques are not optimized yet. Hence, experiments were planned for three drying methods (sun drying, 50% shade drying, and 100% shade drying) and five packing materials (plastic silver, transparent polythene, woven plastic, jute, & black polythene bag) for one year storage of dried senna leaves and pods. Results revealed that senna leaves were more prone to deterioration during storage irrespective of packing material used for storage. Drying in 100% shade condition retained the quality of pods (3.22% sennosides) and leaves (2.20% sennosides) in comparison with other methods as sennosides are the main chemical components of leaves and pods of Cassia angustifolia Vahl. Pods' quality can be retained without any considerable deterioration if dried in 100% shade and packed in black poly bags (3.17%). Calculation of economics revealed that cost of post-harvest processing was slightly higher (662.04$ for 10 t) if drying was done in 100% shade in comparison with other two methods of drying. However, by drying under the 100% shade, it can retain the herb quality up to a longer time and make this crop more economically viable for farmers and medicinal plant-based industries.