Rapidly Rotating Ultracold Bosonic Gases (abstract)

Created at nano‐Kelvin temperatures, rotating Bose gases present an opportunity to study striking phenomena in a regime which is completely unattainable in the condensed matter analogue of 4He. In this theoretical paper we discuss what happens at and beyond the limits of current experiments. Vortex lattices, as expected by analogy with helium and superconductivity, have been observed, but we demonstrate that the dynamics are unconventional. At faster rotation we demonstrate links to fractional quantum Hall effect physics and predict completely uncondensed but correlated ground states. In the mesoscopic regime we predict tunnelling as the route to vortex nucleation.