Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery and reconstruction of the vagina in a patient with stage II primary vaginal squamous carcinoma

Primary vaginal carcinoma is a rare gynecologic cancer. Radiotherapy is the standard treatment for patients affected by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage II vaginal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery has been shown to be a valid therapeutic strategy in patients with cervical cancer; however, there is little information concerning the feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery in patients with invasive vaginal carcinoma. We report the first case of stage II vaginal carcinoma with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery combined with vaginal reconstruction using bilateral pudendal thigh fasciocutaneous flaps. The patient was free of disease with a satisfactory sexual life after 30 months.