Optimal Energy Storage Siting and Sizing to Mitigate Voltage Deviation in Distribution Networks

This paper proposes a bi-level optimal energy storage system (ESS) siting and sizing algorithm to mitigate the voltage deviation in distribution networks. In the upper level, a multi-objective optimization model, which minimizes the ESS investment cost, line losses, power purchasing cost, and voltage deviation, is presented. Then analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is introduced to transform the multi-objective model into a single-objective model that can be easily solved. In the lower level, the ESS operation strategy is optimized to smooth the load curve and lower the power purchasing cost. The proposed methodology is tested on the IEEE 33 bus system to evaluate its performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can improve the voltage quality, maximize the network economy, and reduce the real power loss without changing the distribution network topology.