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Atlantic salmon fed a nutrient package of surplus methionine, vitamin B12, folic acid and vitamin B6 improved growth and reduced the relative liver size, but when in excess growth reduced
- Source :
- Aquaculture Nutrition. 26:477-489
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Hindawi Limited, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Feeding plant‐based diet through smoltification of Atlantic salmon requires verification of the optimal level of 1C nutrients. Here, we fed Atlantic salmon plant‐based diets containing three different surplus amounts of the 1C nutrients; methionine, cobalamin (vitamin B12), pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and folic acid during 6 weeks in fresh water, through smoltification, followed by 3 months on‐growing period in salt water. The three diets were fed to fish dispersed in triplicate tanks throughout the experiment. Mean start body weight was 32 g. Dietary methionine levels in the diets were 6.7, 9.2 and 11.7 g/kg. Dietary B6 was 6.75, 8.45 and 11 mg/kg. Cobalamin was 0.16, 0.18 and 0.20 mg/kg. While dietary folic acid was 2.9, 4.8 and 6.3 mg/kg, diets are referred to as low, medium and high 1C diet. All other amino acids were similar between diets. The results showed no differences in growth or feed utilization in the fresh water period, but following the on‐growing salt water period, differences between diets occurred. The fish fed the medium 1C diet showed better growth, as compared to fish fed the low or high 1C diet (p = .009). The medium 1C fed fish showed a relative lower liver weight compared with fish fed low or high 1C diet (p = .025). Condition factor was better in fish fed the medium and high 1C diet as compared to those fed the low 1C diet (p = .0006). As expected, free methionine in liver, plasma and muscle increased by dietary methionine inclusion. Surplus vitamins only had minor effect on tissue concentrations. Based on these findings, we conclude that the micronutrient and methionine level presented in the medium 1C diet improved the growth, liver size and condition factor; however, more research is needed to evaluate the optimal requirement level for each of the 1C nutrients.
- Subjects :
- chemistry.chemical_classification
0303 health sciences
Methionine
04 agricultural and veterinary sciences
Aquatic Science
Biology
Pyridoxine
Micronutrient
Cobalamin
Amino acid
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Animal science
Nutrient
chemistry
040102 fisheries
medicine
0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Vitamin B12
030304 developmental biology
Smoltification
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 13652095 and 13535773
- Volume :
- 26
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Aquaculture Nutrition
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........2f99a2c0c2d0b63fd6b3dc1f9f5e55a5