Local Orthorhombicity in the Magnetic C4 Phase of the Hole-Doped Iron-Arsenide Superconductor Sr1−xNaxFe2As2

We report on temperature-dependent pair distribution function measurements of Sr_{1-x}Na_{x}Fe_{2}As_{2}, an iron-based superconductor system that contains a magnetic phase with reentrant tetragonal symmetry, known as the magnetic C_{4} phase. Quantitative refinements indicate that the instantaneous local structure in the C_{4} phase comprises fluctuating orthorhombic regions with a length scale of ∼2 nm, despite the tetragonal symmetry of the average static structure. Additionally, local orthorhombic fluctuations exist on a similar length scale at temperatures well into the paramagnetic tetragonal phase. These results highlight the exceptionally large nematic susceptibility of iron-based superconductors and have significant implications for the magnetic C_{4} phase and the neighboring C_{2} and superconducting phases.