Suicide and antidepressants in South Alabama: Evidence for improved treatment of depression1Previous versions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychopathological Association, New York, February 29, 1996 and the American Association of Suicidology, St. Louis, April 25, 1996 and at the 6th European Symposium on Suicide and Suicidal Behaviour, Lund, Sweden, June 14, 1996.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antidepressants among suicides in the era since the introduction of newer less toxic antidepressants. Comprehensive post mortem toxicological examinations were performed on 94% of certain and uncertain suicides in Mobile County, Alabama, between October 1, 1990 and September 30, 1995. Comparisons were made between current data from Mobile and data from the San Diego study in 1981-83. About twice as many suicides in Mobile were positive for antidepressants than in San Diego (15% vs. 8%). The proportions of antidepressant overdose deaths were the same (5%), however. Antidepressants were found in significantly fewer males than females and blacks than whites in Mobile. Although antidepressants were found in a greater proportion of people who committed suicide in Mobile, they were not used more frequently as a means of suicide. The authors conclude that this may represent improvement in care received by people with depression. It remains to be determined what suicide preventive effects individual antidepressants or groups of antidepressants may have.