The specific psychosocial modulator factors of emotional adjustment in infertile individuals compared to fertile people

Certain psychological and social factors modulate emotional adjustment in infertility. The aims of this study were: analyse whether there are sex and group differences (infertile vs. fertile) in emotional adjustment, and personality, dispositional optimism, coping strategies, personal and interpersonal resources; observe the modulating role of these psychosocial variables in the emotional adjustment of infertile individuals compared to fertile ones; and determine if the modulator variables associated with emotional adjustment are specific to infertile people. Method: A cross-sectional study design was used with a sample of 139 heterosexual Spanish participants (84 infertile, 55 fertile). For the data analysis we performed correlations, multiple regression analysis, MANOVAS and ANOVAS. Results: The multivariate and univariate analyses showed that the infertile group exhibited greater emotional maladjustment, more personal resources, lesser degree of confrontive coping, social support seeking, positive reappraisal, and lower marital satisfaction than the fertile group. In addition, women (infertile and fertile) sought more social support seeking and the infertile ones made more use of self-controlling strategies. Multiple regression analyses showed that for all subjects the emotional adjustment was modulated by dispositional optimism and escape/avoidance. For infertile participants, the remaining significant modulating factors were personal resources and marital satisfaction, whereas, for the fertile group, they were openness and interpersonal resources. Conclusion: Infertile women and men showed no differences in emotional maladjustment, but levels were higher than in the fertile group. We found differences between infertile and fertile subjects in terms of modulating variables of emotional adjustment. For infertile participants, the development of personal resources and increased marital satisfaction are particularly important.