Single-particle excitations and metal-insulator transition of ultracold Fermi atoms in one-dimensional optical lattice with spin-orbit coupling

The dynamic structure factors reflecting the excitation spectra were investigated in a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice with a spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect. The results reveal that the single-particle excitations of both the density and spin dynamical structure factors are strongly reconstructed and split owing to the SOC effect, and a hat-like excitation band appears in the high-binding-energy region. The hat-like excitation band of the density dynamical structure factor exhibits an arc form, and has a pocket in the spin dynamical structure factor. In particular, only a gapless single-particle excitation point is left for both the density dynamical structure factor and the spin dynamical structure factor when the SOC strength reaches a critical point at half-filling. A stronger SOC strength causes the gapless excitation points to disappear, which indicates that the metal-insulator transition occurs. The metal-insulator transition only appears in half-filling and lightly doped regimes.