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A practical investigation on nickel plated copper heat spreader with different catalytic activation processes for flip-chip ball grid array packages
- Source :
- Microelectronics Reliability. 49:537-543
- Publication Year :
- 2009
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2009.
-
Abstract
- This study investigates the effects of two different catalytic activation techniques on the thermal performance of the flip-chip heat spreaders. The two activation techniques studied are thin nickel–copper strike and galvanic initiation. Thermal diffusivity and surface roughness of these heat spreaders were studied using the Nano-flash Apparatus and Infinite Focus Microscopy. High temperature storage tests were carried out to investigate the extent of intermetallic diffusion between the nickel and copper layers. The results show that heat spreaders with thin nickel–copper strike catalytic activation technique have a lower thermal diffusivity due to the low thermal conductivity of nickel–copper layer. Moreover, the nickel–copper layers grew thicker from around 0.2 μm at initial time to around 0.55 μm after high temperature storage duration of 168 h. On the other hand, heat spreaders processed using the galvanic initiation technique did not form any nickel–copper intermetallic diffusion layer. As a conclusion, the galvanic initiation technique can potentially provide better thermal performance for heat spreaders used in semiconductor packages.
- Subjects :
- Materials science
Mineralogy
Heat sink
Condensed Matter Physics
Thermal diffusivity
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Diffusion layer
Thermal conductivity
Ball grid array
Heat spreader
Water cooling
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Composite material
Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Flip chip
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00262714
- Volume :
- 49
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Microelectronics Reliability
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........2947568d2d063f25677ede9960f84dec