Failed and Repeat Prostatic Artery Embolization

Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) has been shown to have high clinical success rates in the short, medium, and long term. However, some patients will require a repeat procedure due to technical failure or recurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after initial success. This patient population presents with a unique set of challenges and considerations when performing PAE, which will be highlighted in this chapter.