Battery Safety Enhancement in Electric Vehicles—A Review Paper

In the present scenario, electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are fast replacing the combustion engine-type vehicles. Due to this sudden surge in growth of electric vehicles, there arises a major concern for the continuous overseeing and the need for safety enhancement features for battery, drivetrain and what should be done in case of emergencies. There are numerous ongoing works and efforts in the area of electric vehicles in order to make them cost effective and increase their efficiency. One of the main factors to be considered for the failure-free operation of vehicles is the batteries used. In this comprehensive literary review, the working and safety aspects of lithium-based battery used in electric vehicles are analysed. Safety goals for the safe operation of electric vehicles with respect to the batteries and battery management systems (BMS) involved are discussed. Various methods and technologies adopted and proposed to achieve these goals are analysed here.