UNIVERSAL SPIN-HALL CONDUCTANCE FLUCTUATIONS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL MESOSCOPIC SYSTEMS

The mesoscopic transport physics of spin Hall effect and quantized spin Hall effect is briefly reviewed. This paper concentrates on the universal spin Hall conductance fluctuations discovered in both effects. We present various model Hamiltonians corresponding to different physical problems arising recently in condensed matter physics, ranging from two-dimensional electron gas to topological insulators. Green's function formalism within a tight-binding model and the random matrix theory are introduced to study the same electron transport mechanism. The calculated spin Hall conductance results are discussed and some excellent agreement has been found from different approaches. A short summary and our perspectives are provided at the end of paper.