Review: nanocomposite of bioactive glass/forsterite from raw material sand and egg shell for bone and dental implants

Bioactive glass has high bioactive, osteoconductive, biocompatible, and soluble properties in body fluids, but has low mechanical properties. This material has great potential for medical applications as a matrix in composites with forsterite fillers. The presence of non-toxic forsterite can improve the mechanical properties of bioactive glass. The development of the material (BG/F) using the sol-gel method can produce a nano-scale granule size (∼ 19.6 nm) that corresponds to the size of the body cells. Apart from the size distribution and mechanical properties, the surface that is easy to bond with the bone is very interesting to study as an implant material. This narrative review analyzes the BG/F biocomposite associated with the use of sand and eggshells.