Back to Search
Start Over
Pyrolyzed M–Nx catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: progress and prospects
- Source :
- Energy & Environmental Science. 14:2158-2185
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2021.
-
Abstract
- Fuel cells, a sustainable technology that assures a cleaner earth, once experienced disillusion due to the issue of economic viability associated with the massive usage of Pt-based catalysts. To address this issue, research on cost-effective catalysts, especially on the cathode side, has been intensively carried out where the latest achievements have made the M–Nx/C material on its verge of application. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the fundamental chemistry of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the progress of the M–Nx/C catalysts. Efforts aimed at clarifying the nature of catalytic sites are summarized, highlighting the indispensable role of advanced characterization tools. A variety of successful attempts are exemplified to describe the synthetic methodologies, followed by close tracking of newly emerging single-atom or dual-atom sites. Future directions for this research area are believed to be the rational and/or controllable synthesis of catalysts with adequate active sites and the use of strategies to substantially alleviate catalyst degradation.
Details
- ISSN :
- 17545706 and 17545692
- Volume :
- 14
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Energy & Environmental Science
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........2687c2aabd40d18fc5b306ace23085fc