Mitigating the effect of shipping on freshwater cetaceans: The case study of the Yangtze finless porpoise

Shipping has increasingly become a major threat to cetaceans due to its direct effect (e.g. ship strikes) and indirect effects (e.g. noise and habitat displacement). Most previous studies have focused on the deleterious effects of shipping traffic on marine species, while the effect of shipping on freshwater cetaceans has received little attention. The Yangtze River is a major trade artery in China, and shipping traffic there caused deaths of the now-extinct Yangtze river dolphin or baiji (Lipotes vexillifer). Here, we examine the distributional overlap of another cetacean species, the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocoena asiaorientalis asiaorientalis) and cargo ships in a busy section of Yangtze River from Ezhou to Zhenjiang City. We use vessel-based survey data from 2006, 2012, and 2017 to quantify the distribution of porpoise. We use satellite images to quantify the distribution of cargo vessels travelling upstream. Most porpoise were concentrated within 300 m of the river banks. Shipping increased by 65% from 2006 to 2017, and ~ 60% of the upstream vessels was also within 300 m of the banks. This increase in shipping may have caused an observed shift in porpoise distribution away from the banks after 2006. Enhanced enforcement of existing shipping regulations that limit vessels to established shipping lane and set refuges in the side channels could help reduce the distributional overlap of porpoise and ships and aid in porpoise conservation. This could be applied and benefit the cetacean conservation under continued growth of shipping in rivers.