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Energy Cooperation with Sleep Mechanism in Renewable Energy Assisted Cellular HetNets
- Source :
- Wireless Personal Communications. 116:105-124
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020.
-
Abstract
- The emerging fifth generation (5G) and beyond radio access networks are expected to be extremely dense and heterogeneous as compared to the current networks, involving a large number of different classes of base stations (BSs), namely macro, micro, femto and pico BSs. Among several performance requirements 5G and beyond systems aim to achieve, energy efficiency is one of the crucial requirements. In order to achieve energy-efficient design in dense heterogeneous 5G networks, various approaches in terms of resource allocation, off-loading techniques, hardware solutions and energy harvesting are being considered. In this regard, this paper develops an energy usage optimization framework in a cellular heterogeneous network (HetNet) consisting of a central macro-BS and a number of micro-BSs, equipped with renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar panels and wind turbines. The proposed framework incorporates an energy cooperation mechanism along with a sleep mechanism (BS ON/OFF switching), in which the BSs having lean traffic are put into a sleep mode and their traffic load gets shared by the central BS. The surplus harvested energy from RESs of the sleeping BSs can then be sold back to the grid. An optimization problem for maximizing the utilization of RES and minimizing the usage of the traditional sources, such as utility and generator, is formulated and this mixed integer non-linear programming problem is solved through an interior point method. The presented results for various HetNet sizes demonstrate the significant savings in the energy cost with the proposed RES-enabled HetNet sleep mechanism model over the conventional approaches.
- Subjects :
- Wind power
Optimization problem
business.industry
Computer science
Distributed computing
Femto
020206 networking & telecommunications
02 engineering and technology
Computer Science Applications
Renewable energy
Base station
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
Resource allocation
020201 artificial intelligence & image processing
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
business
Energy harvesting
Sleep mode
Heterogeneous network
Efficient energy use
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1572834X and 09296212
- Volume :
- 116
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Wireless Personal Communications
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........2514138129c1cdc09803dc1d75b4732f