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Effect of temperature on multiple competitive processes for co-production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen during catalytic reforming of toluene
- Source :
- Fuel. 264:116749
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2020.
-
Abstract
- The effects of reaction temperature (range from 500 °C to 800 °C) on multiple competitive processes were studied for the co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during catalytic reforming of toluene over Ni/α-Al2O3. With the temperature raising from 500 to 800 °C, H2 yield increased by 7 times while H2 proportion slightly decreased 5 vol% due to the competitive effect between steam reforming and reverse water–gas shift (WGS) reaction. Coke amounts (including amorphous carbon and CNTs) firstly increased and then decreased, which was determined by the competitive rate of formation and consumption reaction. Detailed characterization indicated the yield and quality of CNTs improved with the temperature increasing from 500 to 650 °C and reached the maximum at 650 °C, resulting from the enhancing transformation from amorphous to CNTs and consumption of amorphous carbon by steam. However, the growth of CNTs was suppressed by further increasing temperature, and almost no CNTs were generated at 800 °C. The higher temperature aggravated the sintering of Ni and enlarged their particle size, which was not conduced to CNTs growth.
- Subjects :
- Materials science
Hydrogen
020209 energy
General Chemical Engineering
Organic Chemistry
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
chemistry.chemical_element
Sintering
02 engineering and technology
Coke
Carbon nanotube
Amorphous solid
law.invention
Steam reforming
Fuel Technology
020401 chemical engineering
Amorphous carbon
chemistry
Chemical engineering
Catalytic reforming
law
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
0204 chemical engineering
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00162361
- Volume :
- 264
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Fuel
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........20bda0fc62fd2132dae6f2eeabdce55d