Elsinoe australis . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]

A description is provided for Elsinoe australis . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Sweet orange, lemon, mandarin, tangerine, satsuma, orange, kumquat ( Fortunella margarita ), lime, grapefruit and pointed leaf papeda ( Citrus hystrix ) (19, 366; Brun, 1971). Sour oranges generally resistant to attack but symptoms have been occasionally noted (20, 110; 35, 544). DISEASE: Sweet orange scab. Symptoms mainly on fruits, less frequent on or absent from leaves and twigs. Only young tissues are attacked (22, 354). Young fruits may become distorted. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Largely confined to South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay), although a single report occurs from Sicily (37, 234). Symptoms of scab on citrus in the Dominican Republic (CMI Map 55, ed. 2, 1965) and New Caledonia (36, 711) initially attributed to E. australis are now thought to have been due respectively to E. fawcettii (CMI Descript. 438) and E. fawcettii var. scabiosa (CMI Descript. 437) (41, 85; 51, 3250; CMI Map 55, ed. 2, 1965). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by wind and rain splash. Old lesions on fruits, leaves and twigs are the probable source of infection at the start of each season (Bitancourt & Jenkins, 1937a).