Codes of Conduct for Public Officials - GRECO Findings & Recommendations

At the request of the National Anti-Corruption Agency of Italy (Autorita Nazionale Anti-Corruzione), this study provides information on GRECO’s findings and recommendations relating to the development of codes of conduct for public officials (including, in some cases, elected and/or appointed officials). Starting from the provisions of Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation No. R (2000) 10 on codes of conduct for public officials, including a Model code of conduct for public officials and its Explanatory Memorandum, the study reflects GRECO’s findings and recommendations during its evaluation rounds, with particular references to the codes of conduct for public officials (GRECO’s Second Evaluation Round) and, to a lesser extent, elected and/or appointed officials (GRECO’s Fourth Evaluation Round as regards Members of Parliament and Fifth Evaluation Round as regards central governments, including top executive functions). This study does not cover comprehensively codes of conduct for judges and prosecutors (GRECO’s Fourth Evaluation Round) and law enforcement agencies (GRECO’s Fifth Evaluation Round). However, when the author deems it relevant, for example, because a specific report marks a new positive development, appropriate references are made.