Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), although rarer than urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, is more aggressive with 60% of patients presenting with invasive disease. Bilateral synchronous UTUC is scarcer still, with much literature quoting a 2% lifetime risk of recurrence in the contralateral upper tract. This case aims to discuss and reinforce the key evidence supporting current guidance and management algorithm in managing a patient with UTUC and examines the role of renal autotransplantation in the patient with bilateral UTUC; a principal that could also apply to invasive UTUC in a solitary kidney.