Microfluidic radiosynthesis and biodistribution of [18F] 2-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl malonic acid

Microfluidics technology has emerged as a powerful tool for the radiosynthesis of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography radiolabeled compounds. In this work, we have exploited a continuous flow microfluidic system (Advion, Inc., USA) for the [(18) F]-fluorine radiolabeling of the malonic acid derivative, [(18) F] 2-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl malonic acid ([(18) F]-FPMA), also known as [(18) F]-ML-10, a radiotracer proposed as a potential apoptosis PET imaging agent. The radiosynthesis was developed using a new tosylated precursor. Radiofluorination was initially optimized by manual synthesis and served as a basis to optimize reaction parameters for the microfluidic radiosynthesis. Under optimized conditions, radio-thin-layer chromatography analysis showed 79% [(18) F]-fluorine incorporation prior to hydrolysis and purification. Following hydrolysis, the [(18) F]-FPMA was purified by C18 Sep-Pak, and the final product was analyzed by radio-HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). This resulted in a decay-corrected 60% radiochemical yield and ≥98% radiochemical purity. Biodistribution data demonstrated rapid blood clearance with less than 2% of intact [(18) F]-FPMA radioactivity remaining in the circulation 60 min post-injection. Most organs showed low accumulation of the radiotracer, and radioactivity was predominately cleared through kidneys (95% in 1 h). Radio-HPLC analysis of plasma and urine samples showed a stable radiotracer at least up to 60 min post-injection.