Pre-embedding Lithium to Build a Composite SnO2@Li/MWCNTs Anode

Lithium ions were inserted into the electrodes of tin oxide to eliminate the first irreversible capacity of the Li-SnO2 batteries. The stabilizing SEI film was obtained from pre-embedding lithium. Thereby, first irreversible capacity of the Li-SnO2 batteries is prevented with significantly increasing the specific capacity and reducing the damage. As a result, the SnO2@Li/MWCNTs electrodes exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance, first discharge specific capacity reached 1700.15 mAh g−1, and the utilization rate of active materials reached as high as 95.89% at 100 mAh g−1. After 100 cycles, the specific discharge capacity remained greater than 499.94 mAh g−1, with a coulombic efficiency of 99.77%.