Th1 Cytokine Profile Associated of Severe Malaria Resistance In Endemic Areas

Introduction: Malaria, a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Despite the premunition, some adults still experience the severe form of malaria. The study hereby aims to investigate the involvement of Th1 cytokines profile in the resistance to severe malaria in endemic areas. Patients and methods: It was a prospective study with an analytical focus on a 3-year period from July 30, 2015 to February 23, 2018. The study covered 150 patients, 50 patients suffering from simple malaria, 50 others hospitalized for the severe form and 50 witnesses. All the analyzes were performed within the Immunology Laboratory of the University Hospital of Cocody. Results: It is clear that, the average level of antibody according to the clinical status is meaningless, and Th1 cytokine levels (TNFα, INFγ, IL-12) are highest in severe malaria compared to simple malaria and witnesses. Moreover, there is no correlation between the average level of Th1 cytokines and the average rates of antibodies. Conclusion: Severe adult malaria in endemic areas is associated with cellular immunity and this is not dependent of the premunition and acquisition of IgG antibodies.