The Grampian Orogeny

Synopsis Review of existing plate tectonic theories of the Lower Palaeozoic development of the north and northwest British Isles leads to the conclusion that ridge-trench impingement theory can be used to integrate all known geological observations within one unified plate tectonic theory for the area. Consideration of the consequences of the progressive impingement of a ridge-transform system with a northwesterly-dipping subduction zone in Arenig time gives explanations for: (a) termination of Dalradian sedimentation in the Arenig; (b) initiation of Barrovian metamorphism at the same time; (c) development and history of the Girvan-Ballantrae complex; (d) initiation of the Highland Boundary Fault as a dextral transform fault in the Arenig; (e) its absence in western Scotland; (f) the postulated presence of a boundary fault southeast of Connemara and perhaps at Pomeroy; (g) the peak of metamorphism (Barrovian and Buchan types) in the Dalradian and associated basic intrusions in the Arenig in both Scotland and Connemara; (h) the development of the Moine Thrust (and related foreland folds and thrusts) also in the Arenig and (i) the origin of the South Mayo trough on oceanic crust. Related events explained by this model include the location of the Donegal batholith, the generally low-grade metamorphism of Donegal and southwest Scotland, the location of the Great Glen Fault and all known faunal province and Ordovician sedimentological data from the Midland Valley and Southern Uplands. It is proposed that this Lower Ordovician sequence of related events be termed the Grampian Orogeny, distinct from the later Caledonian Orogeny, which is tectonically and geographically separate.