Phase unmixing of TerraSAR-X staring spotlight interferograms in building scale for PS height and deformation

Staring spotlight images with a spatial resolution of up to tens of centimeters are good data sources for urban applications including displacement mapping. However, phase discontinuities, layover, and shadowing effect are also associated with staring spotlight interferograms, adding to the difficulties in height estimation and spatial phase unwrapping. The scattering mechanism of the staring spotlight images in the urban environment is complicated, thus it is difficult to simulate and remove the reference height of staring spotlight interferograms directly. In addition, global spatial phase unwrapping networks tend to smooth phase discontinuities. With the aim of implementing height estimation and phase unwrapping for TerraSAR-X Staring Spotlight interferograms, a workflow for phase unmixing of TerraSAR-X staring spotlight interferograms is proposed in this paper. The PS height is estimated in the baseline domain rather than the spatial domain. Taking into account the length and height change of each connection, the spatial phase unwrapping network is adjusted and segmented into isolated networks. The connected components of the adjusted spatial phase unwrapping network can be identified using graph theory. Spatial phase unwrapping is implemented in individual networks. The unfolded height phase is separated from the unwrapped phase, and the remaining phase is deformation dominated. Compared with the traditional global spatial phase unwrapping method, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed least squares parameter search and graph partition based workflow in urban area, for phase unmixing of TerraSAR-X staring spotlight interferograms in building scale for PS height and deformation, as evidenced by external LiDAR DSM and temperature records.