Mueller-matrix microscopic system based on electro-optics modulation for cellular measurement

We propose a design of a Mueller-matrix-microscopic system that can efficiently capture the parameter image with two liquid-crystal modulators (LCMs). The usage of the LCMs can significantly reduce the measurement time for Mueller-matrix parameters. This system employs one LCM to realize real-time measurement of all subimages derived from the Stokes vector and the other one to change the light sources. Seven experimental results, acquired by using incident light with LCM-modulated light sources, are enough for biological research. An error analysis for m44 of the Mueller matrix is involved in order to present the error evaluation. The corresponding error evaluation shows that the measurement errors could be controlled under 0.07 deg.