Surgical epicardial left ventricular lead implantation as a troubleshooting step for a left ventricular lead fracture following difficult transvenous implants in cardiac resynchronisation therapy patients: a case report

Troubleshooting of left ventricular (LV) lead fractures in cardiac resynchronisation therapy patients is important, especially for those with limited and problematic transvenous LV lead placement. In this case, surgical epicardial LV lead implantation was employed.