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Direct Evidence of Surface Reduction in Monoclinic BiVO4
- Source :
- Chemistry of Materials. 27:3593-3600
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- American Chemical Society (ACS), 2015.
-
Abstract
- Local measurements of the oxidation state of vanadium in monoclinic BiVO4 particles by means of electron energy-loss spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal a pronounced surface reduction: within a 5-nm-thick shell, the oxidation state of vanadium is reduced from +5 to about +4. Thus, charge neutrality near the surface demands for ∼15% oxygen vacancies. Our results provide direct evidence for the segregation of oxygen vacancies at the surface of BiVO4. This observation is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental findings are complemented with all-electron density functional theory based WIEN2k calculations of the density of electron states and of the electron energy-loss near-edge structure. The theoretical results provide further information on the electronic changes induced by the experimentally verified oxygen vacancies.
- Subjects :
- General Chemical Engineering
Vanadium
chemistry.chemical_element
General Chemistry
Electron
Crystallography
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
chemistry
Chemical physics
Oxidation state
Scanning transmission electron microscopy
Materials Chemistry
Density functional theory
Spectroscopy
Monoclinic crystal system
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15205002 and 08974756
- Volume :
- 27
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Chemistry of Materials
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........1412ea0ed3b54fb668f5fd2da5b081ae