Ice sheet-ocean coupling in an Earth System Model

We present our approach to coupling an ocean component (MPAS-Ocean, Model for Prediction Across Scales-Ocean) to an ice sheet component (MALI, MPAS-Albany Land Ice) within an Earth System Model (E3SM, the Energy Exascale Earth System Model) developed by the US Department of Energy. First, we present an extrapolation technique, similar to the ISMIP6 (Ice Sheet Modeling for CMIP6) protocol, that can be used in the absence of evolving grounding lines in the ocean component. This technique, while crude, can be used in both Greenland fjords and ice-shelf cavities as a stop-gap in situations where the ocean component cannot capture the topographic evolution (e.g. because the ocean grid is too coarse or full coupling has not yet been completed). Second, we demonstrate progress on a fully conservative wetting-and-drying technique using the idealized MISOMIP1 (Marine Ice Sheet-Ocean Intercomparison Project, phase 1) experiments within E3SM.