Oxy-fuel Combustion Power Cycles: A Sustainable Way to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emission

The energy generation from the fossil fuels results to emit a tremendous amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The rise in the atmospheric carbon dioxide level is the primary reason for global warming and other climate change problems for which energy generation from renewable sources is an alternative solution to overcome this problem. However, the renewables sources are not as reliable for the higher amount of energy production and cannot fulfil the world’s energy demand; fossil fuels will continue to be consumed heavily for the energy generation requirements in the immediate future. The only possible solution to overcome the greenhouse gas emission from the power plant is by capturing and storing the carbon dioxide within the power plants instead of emitting it into the atmosphere. The oxy-fuel combustion power cycle with a carbon capture and storage system is an effective way to minimize emissions from the energy sectors. The oxy-fuel power cycle can reduce 90–99% of carbon dioxide emissions from the atmosphere. Moreover, the oxy-fuel power cycles have several advantages over the conventional power plants, these include high efficiency, lesser plant footprint, much easier carbon-capturing processes, etc. Because of these advantages, the oxy-fuel combustion power cycles capture more attention. In the last decades, the number of studies has risen exponentially, leading to many experimental and demonstrational projects under development today. This paper reviews the works related to oxy-fuel combustion power generation technologies with carbon capture and storage system. The cycle concepts and the advancements in this technology have been briefly discussed in this paper.