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Novel 3D Printed Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device With Integrated Screen-Printed Electrodes for Automated Viscosity Measurements
- Source :
- IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 66:3196-3201
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2019.
-
Abstract
- Various miniaturized viscometers have been developed utilizing several fabrication methods. Among them, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices ( $\mu $ PADs) are becoming popular due to their fabrication ease, cost-effectiveness, and the fact that the flow can be carried out using the embedded capillaries themselves. Mostly, $\mu $ PADs are reported to be fabricated by a solid-ink printer, which has significantly high capital and operational cost. To overcome such drawbacks, a novel rapid prototyping method has been proposed, wherein the formation of the hydrophobic regions was created by polycaprolactone (PCL) filament using a 3-D printer. To leverage this, $\mu $ PAD as a viscometer, velocity, or time between two points with known distances was required, which was carried out by an amperometric approach, established by fabricating the integrated screen-printed electrodes intersecting the microchannel of the $\mu $ PAD. The time measurement was fully automated by a microcontroller, and the relative viscosity was calculated by comparing the time taken by the reference fluid with that of a test fluid to cover a known length. Such integrated, automated, and low-cost paper-based microviscometer was leveraged to measure and analyze the viscosities of various milk variants, which has an accuracy of >92%.
- Subjects :
- 010302 applied physics
Rapid prototyping
Materials science
Fabrication
Microchannel
business.industry
Relative viscosity
Microfluidics
Viscometer
01 natural sciences
Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Microcontroller
Viscosity (programming)
0103 physical sciences
Optoelectronics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15579646 and 00189383
- Volume :
- 66
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........0ea227c0aa58dc2303db339e07f33ced