Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols in Aging and Age-Related Neurological Disorders

Polyphenols have been reported to exert neuroprotective actions through the potential to protect neurons against neurotoxin-induced injury, neuroinflammation, and the potential to promote memory, learning and cognitive performances. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the biology of polyphenols, the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying their biological effects are currently unclear. While historically polyphenols were regarded as powerful antioxidants, recent data suggest they do not act as conventional hydrogen-donating molecules in vivo, but rather exert modulatory actions in cells through the modulation of signalling pathways. Together, these processes act to maintain brain homeostasis and play important roles in neuronal stress adaptation and thus polyphenols have the ability to prevent the progression of neurodegenerative pathologies. This chapter will describe the potential of polyphenols to modulate brain functions and will summarise the latest information regarding the possible mechanisms implicated in such beneficial effects.