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Scaling of reverse osmosis membranes used in water desalination: Phenomena, impact, and control; future directions

Scaling of reverse osmosis membranes used in water desalination: Phenomena, impact, and control; future directions

Authors :
Hafiz Zahid Shafi
Faiz-Ur Rahman
Syed M. Zubair
Asif Matin
Source :
Desalination. 455:135-157
Publication Year :
2019
Publisher :
Elsevier BV, 2019.

Abstract

Reverse osmosis is becoming popular for the purification of water resources e.g. sea and brackish water. However, one of the major limitations in efficient operation are the fouling of membranes and relevant technique used to inhibit scaling due to the presence of sparingly soluble salts. The occurrence of this type of fouling results in a significant increase in both operation and maintenance. This review begins by providing a general overview of membrane fouling by minerals usually found in sea and inland water resources. The paper then discusses some important aspects of the phenomena itself: different mechanisms; concentration polarization; the major types of mineral scales including their prevalence and characteristics; and consequences of fouling on membrane performance. This is followed by a discussion of the major strategies currently considered for the control and prevention of scale formation. The penultimate section discusses the drawbacks and deficiencies of current systems in operation and highlights potential future directions that need to be pursued in order to achieve overall process improvements in terms of sustainability. In particular, the need for evaluation under more realistic conditions, studying the interactions between membrane and spacer surface and foulants, and the development of environmentally benign antiscalants are stressed.

Details

ISSN :
00119164
Volume :
455
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Desalination
Accession number :
edsair.doi...........0e0449c43ff84cdcf82c2c124aee4fe8
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2018.12.009