Comparative impact analysis of neuronal and glial progenitors conditioned medium on cerebellar neurons under glutamate exitotoxicity

One of the main causes of cell death in neurodegenerative diseases is excitotoxicity. Today the potential directions of treatment neurodegenerative diseases are including cell therapy, the purpose of which is to replace lost nerve tissue with donor cells. Transplanted cells along with replaced lost tissues have a paracrine effect, which requires careful study. The aim of this work was to study the effect of conditioned media, obtaining from neuronal and glial progenitor cells, on a primary culture of cerebellar neurons in a model of glutamate excitotoxicity. The cell viability, expression of marker genes for apoptosis and neuritogenesis, and the number of necrotic and apoptotic cells were determined in the culture of cerebellar neurons. The composition of the studied conditioned media was analyzed for the content of neurotrophins. A comparative analysis was revealed differences in the secretion of neurotrophins between the obtained cultures: the amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor and glial neurotrophic factor was higher in the secretion of glial progenitors. It was shown that the addition of conditioned media from neuronal cells does not significantly affect the viability of cerebellar neurons, whereas preincubation with media from glial progenitors has a neuroprotective effect by increasing the viability of cerebellar neurons, and during long-term cultivation promotes the growth of neurites by increasing the expression level of MAP2 and GAP43 genes.