Low‐frequency Arctic reverberation. II: Modeling of long‐range reverberation and comparison with data

In the Arctic ocean, very low‐frequency (10–50 Hz) reverberation returns from the ice and bottom both contribute to the total received reverberation and are not easily distinguishable in long‐range reverberation data, except where there is a dominant bottom or ice feature. In this paper, a normal‐mode model of scattering from surface and bottom protuberances is applied to model long‐range reverberation data collected during the CEAREX 89 experiment in the Norwegian/Greenland Seas. Modeled reverberation spectrum levels at 23 Hz are compared with data to investigate the relative contributions of the ice and bottom to the measured reverberation. The normal‐mode model of boundary scattering is based on a generalization of recent work of Ingenito [F. Ingenito, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 2051–2059 (1987)] treating scattering from a rigid sphere in a stratified waveguide. Adiabatic normal mode theory is used to model the propagation to and back from the scatterer in a range‐dependent waveguide. Using the small‐ka a...