Genitalmalignome in der Gravidität - Eine Literaturrecherche

Malignant gynecologic tumors in pregnant patients are rare and a challenge to obstetricians, gynecologists, and neonatologists. Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed during pregnancy, followed by ovarian malignancies. The treatment of cervical cancer during pregnancy depends on the stage of the disease, the age of the pregnancy, and the patient's preferences regarding the current pregnancy and future fertility. Dysgerminomas are the most frequent ovarian malignancies in pregnant women. Conservative surgery with preservation of the pregnancy is possible for patients with stage IA tumors. Cytotoxic chemotherapy in pregnant patients has been reported. Endometrial cancer associated with pregnancy is very rare but has been reported in endometrial biopsies performed for abnormal uterine bleeding postpartum and after abortion. Some of these cancers may predate the pregnancy. High levels of progesterone during pregnancy probably inhibit tumor growth. Conservative treatment of endometrial cancer is an option for selected patients who wish to preserve fertility.