Recent developments in zinc-based two-cation oxide spinels: From synthesis to applications

Zinc stannate (Zn2SnO4), zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4), zinc antimonate (ZnSb2O4) and zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) are examples of zinc-based two-cation oxide spinel semiconductors (ZTCOSSs) that have been investigated and employed in many applications. These include applications in solar cells, photocatalysts, batteries, supercapacitors, thermoelectrics and sensors. Zinc-based two-cation oxide spinel semiconductors have peculiar properties that include low electrical resistivity and unique optics. Also, ZTCOSSs permit multiple redox reactions and exhibit magnetic properties depending on the cations. ZTCOSS has the advantages of better optical, electrical and chemical properties over the zinc oxide spinel semiconductor. In this review, the concept of zinc-based two-cation spinel oxides, fabrication techniques and their properties are discussed. Applications of zinc-based two-cation oxide spinel semiconductors are explored and the performance compared with that of single oxides spinel semiconductors.