The use of computed tomography in avian and reptile medicine

Avian and reptilian species usually show poor clinical signs for differentiation of various diseases. In most cases, physical examination does not give sufficient information. Diagnostic imaging techniques like radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging are useful tools for the examination of exotic species. This report decribes the use of computed tomography examinations for various diagnoses of skeletal problems and internal diseases in birds and reptiles. Additional 3-dimensional reconstructions are special imaging features and allow excellent views for demonstration of normal and/or pathologic formations to clinicians and students.