Chronic neutrophilic leukemia, an extremely rare cause of neutrophilia in childhood: Cure with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

CNL is a rare myeloproliferative disorder frequently seen in older adults. A significant proportion of patients show progression to AML. Here, we report the case of a patient with FA who was monitored for leukopenia but who developed leukocytosis during the follow-up and was diagnosed with CNL probably after an acquired CSF3R mutation. Because the patient had FA, which could accelerate the progression to AML, an HSCT was performed, which resulted in cure. This patient (aged 12 years) is one of the youngest patients reported to develop CNL as well as the first FA patient with a diagnosis of CNL.