Temperature-dependent ferroelectric dynamic hysteresis properties of modified PMN-PZT relaxor ceramics

Temperature-dependent ferroelectric dynamic hysteresis properties of modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PMN–PZT) ceramics have been investigated in a wide range from 298 to 433 K. Interestingly, it was found that back-switching polarization Pbc increased while the hysteresis area 〈A 〉, coercive field Ec, saturation polarization Ps, and remnant polarization Pr all decreased linearly with temperature below 398 K (close to the macro–micro domain transition temperature Tnr). A set of simple linear temperature scaling relations was established, which is different from the power-law scaling relations for soft and hard PZT ceramics. At further increased temperature, double-loop features appeared and the ferroelectric properties varied nonlinearly due to the reversible macro–micro domain transition in the T > Tnr region. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)