Potential benefits of manure in aquaculture: a note qualifying the conclusions from our paper on the dominance of algal-based food webs in fish ponds

Our previous conclusions, that manures may be ineffective in raising aquaculture yields above levels attained by daily N and P fertilization, is limited to conditions of soil and water naturally rich in nutrient minerals and carbonates. Manures may be valuable inputs when soil and water are poor in essential nutrients, or of a low pH. Situations exist in which manures are the cheapest source of N and P minerals.