Contoured Vertical Distribution and Spatio-temporal Variation of an Intertidal Macroalgal Assemblage in King George Island, Antarctica

Short-term variability, spatial variability, and the vertical distribution of an intertidal macroalgal assemblage were examined on the coast of Barton Peninsula, Maxwell Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Sampling was performed during the three austral summer seasons from November 2016 to January 2019. The sampling interval for short-term variability was 1–2 months. Sampling for spatial variability was performed at two sites 400 m apart. Eighteen algal species were identified, with 75% relative coverage of the predominant red Iridaea cordata and endemic brown Phaeurus antarcticus. Summer abundance can be described as a shift from I. cordata to P. antarcticus, and the change in color is intuitively presented using a contour plot for the first time. Short-term variation in the macroalgal assemblage showed 78.35% similarity between one month and 64.61% similarity between two months. The spatial variation analysis indicated 77.13% similarity between the assemblage at the two sites. If global warming continues, the algal population of this region is expected to expand. P. antarcticus, which is primarily found in the subtidal zone, is predicted to relocate southward or higher in the near future. Long-term monitoring of this research region, which is dominated by the two species, is warranted to determine the impact of global warming on the macroalgal assemblage.