Globalization and Diversification of Islamic Movements: Three Turkish Cases

In the aftermath of the September 11 events, debates raged about the tension between the West and the Muslim world, and between globalization and Islamic movements. Some authors were reminded of the "clash of civiliza tion" thesis arguing an essential cultural incompatibility between the West and the Muslim world.1 Others pointed to an antagonistic relationship between globalization, originating from and arguably controlled by the West, and Is lamic movements, which resist this process. The World Trade Center was tar geted because it symbolized globalization.2 According to this perspective, what we are seeing is a tension between Jihad and McWorld.3 Although these arguments are exaggerations, they are not baseless specula tion.4 There are Islamic movements that oppose globalization in order to pre serve their identities and ways of life. These movements see globalization as a new phase of Western colonialism. Therefore, their resistance to globalization