Combined Systolic Diastolic Hypertension among Adults in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Predictors: Results of a National Survey

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and predictors, of systolic diastolic hypertension among adults in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study using STEPwise approach among adults using a multistage, stratified, cluster random sample was carried out. Data were collected using questionnaires which included sociodemographic, blood pressure, biochemical, anthropometric measurements, and lifestyle practices. Statistical analysis included calculating means and standard deviations, proportions, univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Of a total 4588 subjects, 413 (9.0%) suffered from systolic diastolic hypertension, which was significantly related to age, gender, employment, education, geographical location, smoking, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypercholesteraemia. Significant predictors of systolic diastolic hypertension were male gender, advancing age, retirement, urbanization, diabetes, and hypercholesteraemia. Conclusion: Systolic diastolic hypertension is associated with some sociodemographic characteristics and co-morbidity. Given the various risks associated with systolic diastolic hypertension, the findings of this study emphasize the need for attempts to prevent and early diagnose the disease focusing on the modifiable risk factors.