Progress and challenges of geospatial artificial intelligence

With the rapid development of geospatial science, artificial intelligence, and high-performance computing, geospatial artificial intelligence has become the major technique for processing and analyzing geospatial big data, and will be widely used in the scientific research and engineering application of earth science, spatial cognition, and smart city. Geospatial intelligence, as an inter-discipline between geospatial science and artificial intelligence, is driven by dual disciplines. At present, it has made important progress in hardware research, system development, data and model sharing, services and applications, and is also facing new challenges. This paper first describes the conceptual evolution of geospatial artificial intelligence and lists the frameworks of some technical systems. The paper then reviews the state-of-the-art in the scientific research and typical application domains. The problems and challenges facing geospatial intelligence are analyzed. Finally, some future prospects and trends are presented.